Fix xarray inferred-from data ordering

[Aaron Smull (asmull)]

Dataset export to xarray currently fails under the condition.

This can occur when array-valued parameters. Users may wish to acquire and save data in a particular order, and no assumptions.

This failure occurs in two cases:

1. With pandas-based exporting to xarray, indexing is not propagated to inferred-from relationships.
2. With direct xarray exporting, the assumption is made that shape metadata can be used to imply that, e.g., the first column of an NxM sweep can be used to infer the axis of one of the sweep values. This contract is not made explicit in the API, and should not be relied upon. If data for an NxM sweep is created in a permuted order, this MR fixes the direct export to directly extract the axis information from the larger multi-dimensional array. Backwards compatibility of ordering is maintained for non-permuted cases.

[Aaron Smull (asmull)]

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree company="Microsoft"

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 71.90%. Comparing base (4a1350b) to head (8342065).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #8445      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   71.87%   71.90%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         305      305              
  Lines       31997    32019      +22     
==========================================
+ Hits        22998    23022      +24     
+ Misses       8999     8997       -2     

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR fixes ordering issues when exporting QCoDeS datasets to xarray in cases where data acquisition order is permuted relative to the inferred grid structure, and when inferred-from parameters need to be exported consistently alongside reordered data.

Changes:

• Add an index plumbing path to _add_inferred_data_vars to support order-aware insertion of inferred-from variables in the pandas→xarray export route.
• Rework the direct-to-xarray export (_xarray_data_set_direct) to derive coordinate axes and reorder data based on the actual dependency arrays rather than relying on shape-based axis inference.
• Extend test coverage to validate permuted-grid ordering, direct-export grid validation, and inferred handling.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File	Description
src/qcodes/dataset/exporters/export_to_xarray.py	Adds index-aware inferred var insertion and reimplements direct xarray export ordering/reconstruction logic.
tests/dataset/test_dataset_export.py	Adds regression + validation tests for permuted direct export and _xarray_data_set_direct input validation.
tests/dataset/test_inferred_multiple_parents.py	Updates direct calls to _add_inferred_data_vars for the new index argument.
tests/dataset/test_parameter_with_setpoints_has_control.py	Updates _add_inferred_data_vars invocation to pass index=None.

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