OOPs in C++ - Detailed Learning Repository

This repository is dedicated to my journey of learning Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) in C++ in a detailed and structured way.

Author

• Ashutosh Singh
• 3rd Semester
• Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology

Overview

This repo will cover the core principles of OOPs in C++ and provide practical programs, examples, and notes for better understanding.

The main focus is on building a strong conceptual foundation in:

• Classes and Objects
• Data Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Constructors and Destructors
• Operator Overloading
• Virtual Functions

Objectives

The purpose of this repository is to:

• learn C++ systematically
• understand OOPs concepts deeply
• practice real coding examples
• improve problem-solving ability
• revise important concepts before exams and interviews

T## opics Covered

1. Introduction to C++

• History and features of C++
• Difference between C and C++
• Structure of a C++ program
• Input/output streams
• Namespace and standard library

2. Basics of Programms

• Operators
• Control statements
• Loops
• Functions and parameter passing
• Arrays and strings

3. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

• Class and object
• Data members and member functions
• Access specifiers
• Encapsulation
• Abstraction
• Modularity ing
• Variables and data type

4. Constructors and Destructors

• Default constructor
• Parameterized constructor
• Copy constructor
• Destructor
• Constructor overloading

5. Inheritance

• Single inheritance
• Multiple inheritance
• Multilevel inheritance
• Hierarchical inheritance
• Hybrid inheritance
• Access control in inheritance

6. Polymorphism

• Compile-time polymorphism
• Function overloading
• Operator overloading
• Runtime polymorphism
• Virtual functions
• Pure virtual functions and abstract classes

7. Advanced OOPs Concepts

• Friend function
• Friend class
• Static members
• This pointer
• Dynamic memory allocation
• Shallow copy vs deep copy

Repository Structure

This repository will include:

• source code files for concepts
• practice exercises
• examples and mini-projects
• notes and explanations

Learning Journey

This repo will be updated as I continue learning and practicing OOPs in C++. The goal is to build a clear path from beginner concepts to advanced object-oriented design.

Progress Tracker

A separate tracker file is available here: LEARNING_TRACKER.md

Completed Topics and Files

• Access Modifiers — Acess_modifiers.cpp
• Encapsulation — Encapsulation.cpp
• Classes and Objects — oops.cpp
• Single Inheritance — Inheritance.cpp
• Multiple Inheritance — multiple_inherit.cpp
• Multilevel Inheritance — multilevel_inherit.cpp
• Hierarchical Inheritance — hirerichal_inheritance.cpp
• Constructors — Constructors.cpp, Default_constructor.cpp, parameterized.cpp
• Constructor Initialization List — constructor_initlializaton_list.cpp
• Copy Constructor — copy_constructor.cpp
• Constructor Overloading — constructor_overloading.cpp
• Destructor — Destructor.cpp
• Compile-time Polymorphism — compile-time.cpp
• Runtime Polymorphism — runtime.cpp, virtual_functions.cpp
• Friend Function and Friend Class
• Static Members and this Pointer
• this Pointer — Thispointer.cpp
• Pointers and References — pointers.cpp
• RAII and Resource Management — RAII.cpp
• Smart Pointers — Shared_pointers.cpp

Next Topics to Learn

1. Rule of 3, Rule of 5, and Rule of 0
2. Move Constructor and Move Assignment
3. Lvalues, Rvalues, and std::move
4. Virtual Destructors, Object Slicing, and vtable basics
5. Exception Safety
6. Low-Level Design (LLD)

C++ Interview Concepts

• Stack vs heap memory
• Pointers, references, const correctness, and nullptr — pointers.cpp
• RAII and resource management — RAII.cpp
• Smart pointers: unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr — Shared_pointers.cpp
• Rule of 3, Rule of 5, and Rule of 0
• Move constructor and move assignment
• Lvalues, rvalues, and std::move
• Virtual destructor, object slicing, and virtual table basics
• Diamond problem and virtual inheritance
• Exception handling and exception safety
• static, const, constexpr, and inline
• Casting: static_cast, dynamic_cast, const_cast, and reinterpret_cast
• Lambdas and modern C++ features

Low-Level Design (LLD) Roadmap

• OOP design principles and composition over inheritance
• SOLID principles
• Cohesion, coupling, and separation of concerns
• Interfaces and dependency inversion
• UML class diagrams and relationships
• Designing extensible and testable classes
• Creational design patterns: Factory, Builder, and Singleton
• Structural design patterns: Adapter, Decorator, Facade, and Composite
• Behavioral design patterns: Strategy, Observer, State, and Command
• Thread-safe design and basic concurrency
• Error handling, validation, and edge-case design
• LLD case studies: parking lot, elevator, library, and vending machine

Final Project

• Parking Lot Management System
  • Apply OOP, SOLID, smart pointers, design patterns, and LLD principles.
  • Implement vehicles, parking spots, floors, tickets, payments, and entry/exit flow.

Status Summary

• Learned so far: Access modifiers, encapsulation, classes and objects, all major inheritance types, constructors, destructors, and polymorphism.
• Next in line: Rule of 3, Rule of 5, Rule of 0, and move semantics.
• Final project: Parking Lot Management System.
• Goal: finish the remaining OOPs topics from the syllabus and revise with practice programs.

Note

This is a personal academic and learning repository focused on deep understanding of OOPs in C++.