Update old dependency caps

[hgao-astro]

Updates AutoProf's old dependency caps so it can be installed in newer Python astronomy environments.

• move the star-finder imports to the supported Photutils subpackage
• replace the removed source-mask convenience API with the current segmentation workflow
• remove the old NumPy and Astropy upper bounds and require Photutils 1.5 or newer
• modify CI matrix to test Python 3.9 through 3.13 on Linux, Windows, and macOS
• let pip install . resolve dependencies through AutoProf's package metadata instead of pre-installing requirements.txt, so CI tests the real installation path

Locally, the existing five tests pass in an isolated Python 3.13 environment with NumPy 2.5.1, Astropy 8.0.1, and Photutils 3.0.0. The dilated-source path also passes focused checks with Photutils 2.3 and 3.0.

Closes #29

[hgao-astro]

@ConnorStoneAstro, a minor update. Again, no rush.