From b3e0bbad9ceb12c67e895d0a5384c3ba8d797f9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aleksander Sekowski Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 22:55:36 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Add VAST 4.3 samples The repo stopped at 4.2. These tags declare 4.3, follow the 4.2 XSD (still the 4.3 schema), and cover SIMID, OMID verification, skipoffset, and CTV Pause/Screensaver. --- README.md | 4 +- VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml | 47 +++++++++++++++++++ VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml | 35 ++++++++++++++ .../CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml | 36 ++++++++++++++ VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml | 46 ++++++++++++++++++ .../Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml | 46 ++++++++++++++++++ VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml | 47 +++++++++++++++++++ .../Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml | 39 +++++++++++++++ VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml | 38 +++++++++++++++ VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml | 36 ++++++++++++++ .../Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml | 35 ++++++++++++++ VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md | 29 ++++++++++++ VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml | 26 ++++++++++ 13 files changed, 463 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md create mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 5193d35..9944c57 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ # VAST_Samples -Samples of VAST Tags created for different version of VAST. The tags can be served via raw file from github. Simply get the url of raw file of any tag to serve to any player. +Samples of VAST Tags created for different version of VAST. The tags can be served via raw file from github. Simply get the url of raw file of any tag to serve to any player. + +Folders cover VAST 1–2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3. VAST 4.3 uses the 4.2 XSD; see `VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md`. Check out [VAST Ad Tag Validator](https://vastvalidator.iabtechlab.com) by [IAB TechLab](https://www.iabtechlab.com) to verify if your VAST tag is complaint to IAB standards and guidelines. diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..495ee70 --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + 25.00 + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000005 + iabtechlab video ad + + + + + + + + + + + + IAB Sample Company + + + + + + + + + + + 00:00:16 + + + + + + + + + + 8465 + + + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc85b18 --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + 5 + 7 + 21 + + + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000009 + iabtechlab CTV Pause static + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 8465 + + + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cea3a80 --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + 6 + 7 + 11 + 21 + + + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec04300000a + iabtechlab CTV Screensaver static + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 8465 + + + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68600a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + 25.00 + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000007 + iabtechlab video ad + + + + + + + + + + + 00:00:16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 8465 + + + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48e2dd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + 25.00 + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000008 + iabtechlab companion plus linear + + + + + + + + + + + 8465-companion + + + + + + + + + + + 00:00:16 + + + + + + + + + + 8465-linear + + + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23c73c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + 25.00 + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000002 + iabtechlab video ad + + + + + + + + + + + + 00:00:16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 8465 + 0100/0000/0000 + + + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbc095b --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000004 + iabtechlab SIMID data URI ad + + + + + + + + + + + + 00:00:16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 8465 + + + VAST 4.3 allows InteractiveCreativeFile to carry a small inline data URI instead of a separate HTTPS fetch. Keep the payload small; use a URL once the data URI would inflate the VAST response. + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bd6198 --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000003 + iabtechlab SIMID linear ad + + + + + + + + + + + + 00:00:16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 8465 + + + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5341117 --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000001 + Inline Simple Ad + IAB Sample Company + AD CONTENT description category + + + + + + + + + + + 00:00:16 + + + + + + + + + + 8465 + + + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d14fa9a --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000006 + iabtechlab skippable video ad + + + + + + + + + + + + 00:00:16 + + + + + + + + + + 8465 + + + + + diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md b/VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24a1bfe --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# VAST 4.3 Samples + +VAST 4.3 (December 2022) is the current released version. It did not publish a new XSD. These documents declare `version="4.3"` and validate against the VAST 4.2 schema, which IAB Tech Lab still treats as authoritative for 4.3. + +4.3 deltas vs 4.2: + +- `` may contain an inline `data:` URI (small SIMID payloads) +- `[PLAYBACKMETHODS]` macro value `7` (continuous play). Literal `[MACRO]` tokens are not `xs:anyURI`, so tracking URLs in these files are plain HTTPS; substitute macros at request time. +- macros list moved to https://interactiveadvertisingbureau.github.io/vast/vast4macros/vast4-macros-latest.html + +There is no VAST 4.4 folder here. `vast_4.4.xsd` on InteractiveAdvertisingBureau/vast is still marked draft. CTV Ad Portfolio signaling is final, but IAB's own examples keep `version="4.2"`. Pause and Screensaver static samples below are 4.2-schema-valid NonLinear tags plus AdCOM extensions. Video NonLinear (`` under ``) waits on the 4.4 schema. + +| File | What it shows | +| --- | --- | +| `Inline_Simple.xml` | Minimal 4.3 InLine linear | +| `Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml` | Full linear: quartiles, mezzanine, two UniversalAdId registries | +| `Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml` | SIMID via HTTPS URL plus `interactiveStart` (not in 4.0–4.2 folders) | +| `Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml` | 4.3 `data:text/html` InteractiveCreativeFile | +| `Ad_Verification-test.xml` | OMID `Verification/@vendor` and `browserOptional` | +| `Wrapper_Tag-test.xml` | Wrapper `ClickThrough` pointing at `Inline_Simple.xml` | +| `Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml` | `skipoffset` plus `skip` tracking | +| `Closed_Caption_Test.xml` | `ClosedCaptionFiles` before `MediaFile` | +| `Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml` | Companion + linear with distinct creative ids | +| `CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml` | CTV Ad Portfolio Pause, static, AdCOM `plcmt` 5 | +| `CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml` | CTV Ad Portfolio Screensaver, static, AdCOM `plcmt` 6 | + +Standalone ads omit `Ad/@sequence` so a wrapper with `allowMultipleAds="false"` can still play them. + +URLs are HTTPS. Media files reuse the same IAB public MP4s as the 4.2 samples. diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..427438c --- /dev/null +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + iabtechlab + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + From 743f3a63ba5a36a7e1defaa91d54f098778d6199 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aleksander Sekowski Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2026 23:07:01 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Tighten 4.3 samples to the version delta Drop CTV Portfolio tags (2026, not 4.3), caption/companion clones of 4.2, invented mezzanine and Clearcast ids, and the folder essay. AdSystem/@version is the ad server, not the VAST version. --- README.md | 6 +-- VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml | 19 ++++---- VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml | 35 -------------- .../CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml | 36 --------------- VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml | 46 ------------------- .../Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml | 46 ------------------- VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml | 24 +++++----- .../Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml | 15 +++--- VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml | 14 +++--- VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml | 17 +++++-- .../Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml | 12 +++-- VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md | 30 +----------- VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml | 14 ++++-- 13 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 243 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml delete mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml delete mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml delete mode 100644 VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 9944c57..a61534d 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,8 +1,6 @@ # VAST_Samples Samples of VAST Tags created for different version of VAST. The tags can be served via raw file from github. Simply get the url of raw file of any tag to serve to any player. -Folders cover VAST 1–2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3. VAST 4.3 uses the 4.2 XSD; see `VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md`. +Check out [VAST Ad Tag Validator](https://vastvalidator.iabtechlab.com) by [IAB TechLab](https://www.iabtechlab.com) to verify if your VAST tag is complaint to IAB standards and guidelines. -Check out [VAST Ad Tag Validator](https://vastvalidator.iabtechlab.com) by [IAB TechLab](https://www.iabtechlab.com) to verify if your VAST tag is complaint to IAB standards and guidelines. - -Please open an issue if you find any discrepency. +Please open an issue if you find any discrepency. diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml index 495ee70..b725623 100644 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Ad_Verification-test.xml @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ - iabtechlab + iabtechlab - 25.00 + + + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000005 iabtechlab video ad - + - + - IAB Sample Company - + @@ -31,12 +32,14 @@ 00:00:16 - + - + + + 8465 diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml deleted file mode 100644 index bc85b18..0000000 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ - - - - iabtechlab - - - 5 - 7 - 21 - - - a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000009 - iabtechlab CTV Pause static - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8465 - - - - - diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml deleted file mode 100644 index cea3a80..0000000 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ - - - - iabtechlab - - - 6 - 7 - 11 - 21 - - - a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec04300000a - iabtechlab CTV Screensaver static - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8465 - - - - - diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 68600a8..0000000 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Closed_Caption_Test.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ - - - - iabtechlab - - - 25.00 - a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000007 - iabtechlab video ad - - - - - - - - - - - 00:00:16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8465 - - - - - diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 48e2dd7..0000000 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ - - - - iabtechlab - - - 25.00 - a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000008 - iabtechlab companion plus linear - - - - - - - - - - - 8465-companion - - - - - - - - - - - 00:00:16 - - - - - - - - - - 8465-linear - - - - - diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml index 23c73c3..5d32c8b 100644 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml @@ -1,14 +1,16 @@ - iabtechlab + iabtechlab - 25.00 + + + a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000002 iabtechlab video ad - + @@ -20,26 +22,24 @@ 00:00:16 - + - + - + - - - - - + + + 8465 - 0100/0000/0000 + 4444323 diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml index fbc095b..fed5e52 100644 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ - iabtechlab + iabtechlab a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000004 - iabtechlab SIMID data URI ad + iabtechlab video ad - + @@ -19,21 +19,22 @@ 00:00:16 - + - + - + + + 8465 - VAST 4.3 allows InteractiveCreativeFile to carry a small inline data URI instead of a separate HTTPS fetch. Keep the payload small; use a URL once the data URI would inflate the VAST response. diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml index 0bd6198..e9a0aa4 100644 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ - iabtechlab + iabtechlab a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000003 - iabtechlab SIMID linear ad + iabtechlab video ad - + @@ -19,15 +19,17 @@ 00:00:16 - + - + - + + + 8465 diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml index 5341117..60a0f59 100644 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Simple.xml @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ - iabtechlab + iabtechlab a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000001 @@ -9,10 +9,11 @@ IAB Sample Company AD CONTENT description category - + + @@ -20,12 +21,20 @@ 00:00:16 - + + + + + + + - + + + 8465 diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml index d14fa9a..6441e35 100644 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ - iabtechlab + iabtechlab a532d16d-4d7f-4440-bd29-2ec043000006 - iabtechlab skippable video ad + iabtechlab video ad - + @@ -19,12 +19,14 @@ 00:00:16 - + - + + + 8465 diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md b/VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md index 24a1bfe..65b1832 100644 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/README.md @@ -1,29 +1 @@ -# VAST 4.3 Samples - -VAST 4.3 (December 2022) is the current released version. It did not publish a new XSD. These documents declare `version="4.3"` and validate against the VAST 4.2 schema, which IAB Tech Lab still treats as authoritative for 4.3. - -4.3 deltas vs 4.2: - -- `` may contain an inline `data:` URI (small SIMID payloads) -- `[PLAYBACKMETHODS]` macro value `7` (continuous play). Literal `[MACRO]` tokens are not `xs:anyURI`, so tracking URLs in these files are plain HTTPS; substitute macros at request time. -- macros list moved to https://interactiveadvertisingbureau.github.io/vast/vast4macros/vast4-macros-latest.html - -There is no VAST 4.4 folder here. `vast_4.4.xsd` on InteractiveAdvertisingBureau/vast is still marked draft. CTV Ad Portfolio signaling is final, but IAB's own examples keep `version="4.2"`. Pause and Screensaver static samples below are 4.2-schema-valid NonLinear tags plus AdCOM extensions. Video NonLinear (`` under ``) waits on the 4.4 schema. - -| File | What it shows | -| --- | --- | -| `Inline_Simple.xml` | Minimal 4.3 InLine linear | -| `Inline_Linear_Tag-test.xml` | Full linear: quartiles, mezzanine, two UniversalAdId registries | -| `Inline_SIMID_URL-test.xml` | SIMID via HTTPS URL plus `interactiveStart` (not in 4.0–4.2 folders) | -| `Inline_SIMID_Data_URI-test.xml` | 4.3 `data:text/html` InteractiveCreativeFile | -| `Ad_Verification-test.xml` | OMID `Verification/@vendor` and `browserOptional` | -| `Wrapper_Tag-test.xml` | Wrapper `ClickThrough` pointing at `Inline_Simple.xml` | -| `Inline_Skippable_Tag-test.xml` | `skipoffset` plus `skip` tracking | -| `Closed_Caption_Test.xml` | `ClosedCaptionFiles` before `MediaFile` | -| `Inline_Companion_Tag-test.xml` | Companion + linear with distinct creative ids | -| `CTV_Pause_Static-test.xml` | CTV Ad Portfolio Pause, static, AdCOM `plcmt` 5 | -| `CTV_Screensaver_Static-test.xml` | CTV Ad Portfolio Screensaver, static, AdCOM `plcmt` 6 | - -Standalone ads omit `Ad/@sequence` so a wrapper with `allowMultipleAds="false"` can still play them. - -URLs are HTTPS. Media files reuse the same IAB public MP4s as the 4.2 samples. +VAST 4.3 tags. Schema is still `vast_4.2.xsd`. diff --git a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml index 427438c..c1b2116 100644 --- a/VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml +++ b/VAST 4.3 Samples/Wrapper_Tag-test.xml @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ - - iabtechlab + + iabtechlab - + - - + + + + + +