math.md

title	Math
description	Mathematical functions: abs, floor, ceil, round, clamp, trigonometry, logarithms, and more.
sidebar	order 8

Built-in math functions

Function	Signature	Description
abs()	abs($val): int|float	Absolute value (preserves type)
floor()	floor($val): float	Round down
ceil()	ceil($val): float	Round up
round()	round($val [, $precision]): float	Round to nearest
sqrt()	sqrt($val): float	Square root
pow()	pow($base, $exp): float	Exponentiation
min()	min($a, $b, ...): int|float	Minimum (variadic)
max()	max($a, $b, ...): int|float	Maximum (variadic)
clamp()	clamp(?mixed $value, ?mixed $min, ?mixed $max): ?mixed	Clamp a value to inclusive bounds
intdiv()	intdiv($a, $b): int	Integer division
fmod()	fmod($a, $b): float	Float modulo
fdiv()	fdiv($a, $b): float	Float division (returns INF for /0)
rand()	rand([$min, $max]): int	Random integer
mt_rand()	mt_rand([$min, $max]): int	Alias for rand()
random_int()	random_int($min, $max): int	Cryptographic random
sin()	sin($angle): float	Sine (radians)
cos()	cos($angle): float	Cosine (radians)
tan()	tan($angle): float	Tangent (radians)
asin()	asin($val): float	Arc sine
acos()	acos($val): float	Arc cosine
atan()	atan($val): float	Arc tangent
atan2()	atan2($y, $x): float	Two-argument arc tangent
sinh()	sinh($val): float	Hyperbolic sine
cosh()	cosh($val): float	Hyperbolic cosine
tanh()	tanh($val): float	Hyperbolic tangent
log()	log($num [, $base]): float	Logarithm
log2()	log2($num): float	Base-2 logarithm
log10()	log10($num): float	Base-10 logarithm
exp()	exp($val): float	e^x
hypot()	hypot($x, $y): float	Hypotenuse
deg2rad()	deg2rad($degrees): float	Degrees to radians
rad2deg()	rad2deg($radians): float	Radians to degrees
pi()	pi(): float	Returns M_PI

clamp() validates the bounds before selecting a result. It throws ValueError if $min > $max or if either bound is NAN. Selection checks the upper bound first, then the lower bound.

echo clamp(15, 0, 10);      // 10
echo clamp(3.5, 0.0, 10.0); // 3.5
echo clamp("P", "A", "Z");  // "P"

Math constants

Constant	Type	Value
M_PI	float	3.14159265358979...
M_E	float	2.71828182845904...
M_SQRT2	float	1.41421356237309...
M_PI_2	float	1.57079632679489...
M_PI_4	float	0.78539816339744...
M_LOG2E	float	1.44269504088896...
M_LOG10E	float	0.43429448190325...
INF	float	Positive infinity
NAN	float	Not a Number
PHP_INT_MAX	int	9223372036854775807
PHP_INT_MIN	int	-9223372036854775808
PHP_FLOAT_MAX	float	~1.8e308
PHP_FLOAT_MIN	float	~2.2e-308
PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON	float	~2.2e-16